Non-pharmacology Interventions on Pain in Critically Ill Patient: A Scoping Review

Leutualy, Vanny ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-4225, Madiuw, Devita ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-9212, Tasijawa, Fandro Armando ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-3840, Sumah, Dene Fries, Manuhutu, Feby and Maelissa, Sinthia Rosanti ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-5501 (2022) Non-pharmacology Interventions on Pain in Critically Ill Patient: A Scoping Review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10 (F). pp. 182-189. ISSN 1857-9655

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: More than 50% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) experience pain during the treatment process. The cause of pain in critically ill patients is caused by the accompanying disease process or the treatment procedures carried out. Pharmacological therapies such as analgesics and opioids are often given to critically ill patients but cannot progressively manage pain. Another impact arising from pharmacological treatment is the side effects that can affect the care and healing of critically ill patients. This Scoping Review provides evidence on non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to prevent and reduce pain intensity in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. AIM: This scoping review aims to identify non-pharmacological therapies that can be used as alternative or adjunct therapies to help manage pain in critically ill patients. METHODS: Three electronic databases were used to conduct article searches: Science Direct, PubMed, and CINAHL EBSCO. The inclusion criteria used were articles with randomized controlled trial research, peer-review articles, English articles, and publication of research articles between 2009 and 2020. RESULTS: The search results obtained 1875 articles and 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Based on the results of a review of 11 research articles obtained; there are several non-pharmacological interventions to prevent critically and reduce pain intensity in critically ill patients, including: music therapy, massage, reflexology, cold therapy, and topical heat therapy. CONCLUSION: This Scoping Review provides evidence on non pharmacological interventions that can be used to prevent and reduce pain intensity in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU

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